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Unfortunately, other problems often accompany ADHD. For example, many youngsters with ADHD also have a certain type of learning disability that makes it difficult for them to master language or learn certain academic skills, such as math or reading. ADHD is not in itself a learning disorder, notes the National Institute of Mental Health, but because it impedes concentration and attention, it can exacerbate those learning disorders that accompany it.
Nearly half of all children with ADHD—especially boys— develop a condition known as oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), characterized by stubbornness, outbursts of temper, aggression, and a general defiance of those around them. Youngsters with ODD run a much greater risk of getting into trouble in school and later, with the law. Other emotional problems that can go hand-in-hand with ADHD include extreme anxiety, depression, sadness, worry, and tearfulness. While these problems may occur independent of ADHD, they are often secondary effects of the syndrome’s impact on the young person’s development.
In addition, a small percentage of people with ADHD have a rare disorder known as Tourette’s syndrome, which is characterized by uncontrollable tics, twitches, and other facial movements, as well as grimaces, shrugs, hand-clapping, and the barking out of words, often obscenities. Thankfully, Tourette’s syndrome and related disorders can be successfully managed with medication.
Is ADHD found only in one race or group of people?
No. Although researchers have found that ADHD afflicts more boys than girls, more whites than other races and, in all likelihood, more Americans than other nationalities, it is not exclusive to any of these groups. Anyone of any age in any country may show symptoms of this syndrome.
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